The virus inventions and researches have gone through a long history involving many scientists. Although the virus inventions have been made continuously, the knowledge about viruses had only developed after finding of electron microscope.
Viruses have the size smaller than the smallest size of bacteria. Viruses have average diameter of about 20-400 nanometers (1 nanometer = 10-9meters). Hence, viruses can only be seen with electron microscope. Electron microscope can enlarge the object until 200.000-400.000 times.
Although the virus structure was only known after the finding of electron microscope, long before that, scientists had conducted the researches on viruses. The scientists are as follows :
Edward Jenner (1749-1823). He was the first scientist who succeeded in finding the preventive vaccine of smallpox (variola). Smallpox (variola) is caused by viruses.
2. Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur. He was a French scientist who succeeded in finding that the center of disease infection at the brain and medula spinalis. Besides that, he also could transfer the infection to experimental animals in the laboratory.
3. D.J. Ivanovsky (1852)
D.J. Ivanovsky (1852). He was a Russian botanist who succeeded in extracting something from tobacco that had caught mosaic disease. Later, filtering the extract through a filter with the very fine pores hoping to be able to catch all existing bacteria,yet it turned out that the extract was still able to infect other tobacco leaves.
4. Adolf Meyer (1870-1885)
Adolf Meyer (1870-1885). He was a German microbiologist who succeeded in finding the yellow spots (mosaic) on tobacco leaf. According to him, the disease could infect other tobacco plants. To prove his analysis, he later spray the sap of the ill plant to a healthy one, apparently the healthy one becamed infected by the disease ( his analysis proven)
5. Loffler and Frosch (1897)
Loffler and Frosch (1897). They were German scientists who succeeded in finding the viruses attacking animals where the viruses caused foot an mouth disease to the animal.
6. Martinus Beijerink (1897)
Martinus Beijerink (1897). He was a Dutch microbiologist who succeeded in finding the fact that the organism of tobacco attacker could reproduce on the plant it lived on, but could not be reared in the medium of growth. Another fact which he found was that the organism did not die when it was put into alcohol. Based on the fact, finally he concluded that dilution from tobacco disease contained the organism called virus.
7. Reed (1900)
Reed (1900). He succeeded in finding the virus causing dengue disease in human being. This disease is propagated by Aedes aegypti mosquito as its medium.
8. Twort and d'Herelle (1916-1917)
Twort and d'Herelle (1916-1917). They succeeded in finding the viruses attacking bacteria. These viruses could cause decomposition (lysis)
9. Wedell Stanley (1935)
Wedell Stanley (1935). He was a biochemist from the Institute of Rockefeller, America, who succeeded in crystalizing TMV and indicated that the crystal consistanly could maintain their infection ability. It was hard to imagine that this could be conducted to organisms. From that time on, the researches on viruses have kept developing.
10. Laidraw and Stuart Harris (1933-1936)
Laidraw and Stuart Harris (1933-1936). They succeeded is finding the influenza virus. They also concluded that if viruses were repeatedly put into experimental animal, it could influence their capacity to attack human being.
11. Jonas Salk (1953)
Jonas Salk (1953). He succeeded in finding the preventative vaccine for the polio disease.
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